Biography Of Theodore Roosevelt And The Radiology...

Nobody cares how much you know until they know how much you care, the words of Theodore Roosevelt written in the radiology department at Good Samaritan Hospital, where I work as a Radiologic technologist. These words are a constant reminder of why I choose to pursue a career in medicine. Growing up in Haiti, I was an underweight, mal nourished child with a weak immune system. Sick days seemed to occur every other day. In a country with limited resources, I remember traveling with my parents to different towns in search for medicine and the right physician. We would walked miles, but no miles was ever long enough to stop my parents from getting their son the proper treatment. At a young age my parents showed me the true meaning of altruism and empathy, necessary skills needed to make a great physician. Living in poverty can have major consequences on one’s health. I witness this in my own health and those surrounding me. To survive these harsh conditions, as a community we had to stick together, we had to care for one another. We shared everything with our neighbors, from clean drinking water, food supplies, to natural herb treatment and medicine. From observing the change in lives in the community when treatment was provided, I quickly learned to values the benefits of good Health and medicine. Once I moved to the United States my health improved significantly. After graduating high school I knew I wanted a career in healthcare but did not know how I would play a role. I

Justin Mcgibbon. Ms. Larkin. English Period 1. 6 February

Justin McGibbon Ms. Larkin English Period 1 6 February 2017 Gender oppression and gender roles in marriage during the late 1800s. The role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to their gender, determined by the prevailing cultural norms. There were fixed gender roles assigned by male-dominated societies. The man’s role being that of the husband and rational thinker, and the woman’s role being that of the dutiful wife who does not question her husband’s authority. Back then it was normal for the women to be seen as weak minded and lesser than the men. Even from religious figures like pastors and priest in the 18 and 1900s contributed to the oppression of women in marriage. New brides were told that they are the submissive partner†¦show more content†¦It was given the name â€Å"nervous disease† because of their connection to the nerves, or emotions, the nervous diseases were particularly common among women during this time. Mental illness is really affecting the main character; she is getting worse and worse. She is is given a â€Å"rest† treatment, and she is not allowed work or write. She decides to keep a secret journal to help relieve her mind. In the journal she writes about the room she is in and describes it and describes the disturbing yellow wallpaper. In her journal she writes â€Å"The paper is showing sub patterns only visible in certain light and it is deteriorating fast†. Over a few weeks she said that the wallpaper has become not only ugly but menacing. By resting she feels she is getting worse and her husband John knows she is getting worse, but doesn’t change his treatment. He just belittles her illness and brushing of anything she says. John eventually get her to see another doctor, doctor S. Weir Mitchell. She sees him but he is not much help either. She is getting a form of medical care that ignores the concerns of the patient, and is being belittled by the doct or, and is kinda brushing her off to the side and not really fully examining her situation. As her illness worsens she is seeking help for her husband and her step sister as well. John was the one who gave her the â€Å"rest† treatment but it has not been

Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Occupational health and safety in agriculture. Answer: Introduction: Close to 42.22% of the total land of New Zealand can be attributed to agricultural land; hence inevitably, a large considerable workforce of the nation can be attributed to the farmers. However, it has to be mentioned that the importance of the agricultural workforce contribute a significant to the total GDP of the nation and hence there is need for this workforce to be safe and functional. It has to be mentioned in this context that there are various occupational health and safety risks that are prevalent in the agricultural sector, and a vast majority of them are fatal accidents leading to various critical and life threatening injuries (Van den Broucke Colmont, 2011). Hence, it has to be mentioned in this context that agriculture has significant risks to health and safety of the workforce employed in this field. Now, occupational health and safety has acknowledged the agricultural industry to be one of the most hazardous occupational sectors. According to the recent report, a large number of agricultural workers have to suffer from different occupational accidents and ill health every year. It has to be mentioned that agricultural sectors provides the most of the basic necessities of life, hence the demands of the agriculture industry is also extremely high as well (Asfaw, Pana-Cryan Rosa, 2011). Hence close to a billion workers are employed in the agricultural sector worldwide, contributing to more than one third of the entire labour force of the world. Although, it has to be mentioned in this context as well, that this occupational sector also accounts for more than 70% of the entire child labour of the world. With the agricultural sector being one of the most hazardous one, the risk for fatal accidents are even higher for the children associated with this workforce (Fathallah, 2010). This assignment will attempt to research and explore the risk of fatal accidents in the agricultural sectors and the occupational health and safety risk of the agricultural workforce, and would like to conclude with a set of occupational health and safety recommendations to minimize the accident risks with respect to the New Zealand demographics. Identify OHS: Accidents in agricultural industry: Among all the economic sectors, agriculture is one of the most hazardous of all. With the higher rates of injuries, accidental deaths, and work-related diseases or illness, the agriculture sector is the most unsafe sector to work in. The sector places the workers at potential risks of work-related accidents and musculoskeletal disorders. Working with trunk bendings, lifting and carrying heavy loads, risking from trips or falls at uneven walkways, vibrations from farm vehicles and chainsaws are some of the main hazards that result in higher risks of accidents in the agricultural sector (Botha et al., 2014).The importance of agriculture is immense due to its contribution to the social, political, cultural and economic sector of the world. Hence, improving health and safety at the agricultural workplace is essential. According to the occupational health and safety act, each and every worker in the workplace is subject to mental, social and physical wellbeing. The safety and health of Ag ricultural convention 2001(No. 184) and ILO recommendation provides further guidance on appropriate strategies to improve and meet the OSH accidental risks that are common in the agriculture sector (Neal, 2017).Some of the major forms of accidents in the agricultural sectors of New Zealand are Tracker accidents, Quad bike accidents and accidents by All-terrain vehicles. The below figure explains the rate of accidents in different sectors of employment in New Zealand from 2011 to 2017.The indigo blue line explains the highest rate of workplace-related accidents in the agricultural sector due to Quad bikes. Figure: 1 Source: (Klingelschmidt et al., 2018) According to the WorkSafe data, the deadliest industry of New Zealand is the agricultural industry (Schweder et al.,2015).With a high number of death rates in the past six years, the agricultural industry of New Zealand is the most threatening and risky industry. The causes of the fatalities have been increasing throughout and questioning the OSH norms in the agricultural sector. Figure: 2 Source: (Anderson Tipples, 2014) The above figure is an example of the increased number of death caused due to quad bike accidents on various agricultural farms of New Zealand. Exposure to hazardous chemicals and heavy machineries constitute one of the main risk in the occupation at this sector. Accidents in this sector affects the working environment and the personal lives of the victims. The cost of accidents in the agriculture sector are associated with high rates of injuries and workplace related ill health (Lilley,Lower Davie, 2017).The accidents have negative effects on the workplace environment and on the production of the agricultural farms. Some of the major hazards in agricultural farm of New Zealand are transmissible animal disease, exposure to toxic and hazardous chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers and ergonomic hazards in the agricultural farm. The OSH problem of workplace accidents in the agricultural farms of New Zealand has been chosen in this paper since it is one of the most neglected sectors of employment in the nation. Most of the agricultural farm employ people from rural areas, child, and old aged people are more prone to fatal accidents in the farm due to higher working hours, exposure to hazardous and dangerous conditions and risky work levels. Illiteracy and poverty are the main causes people join agricultural farms. Besides, this sector of New Zealand is the largest sector for female employment. The OSH standards that have been affecting the women employers have been neglected and underestimated throughout these years (Anderson Tipples, 2014). This paper thus takes into consideration all the valid factors and dimensions of OSH in agriculture that needs to be improved for the wellbeing of the workers. Review of literature: A review of literature can be defined as the potent tool that helps in conducting a systematic and scientific exploration of the ideas and concepts already published in authentic and relevant journals to arrive at a clear understanding of the different external and internal factors associated with the scenario. For this study, the chosen occupational health issue had been the fatal accidents in the agricultural sectors, hence the literature review will attempt to discover the different fatal accident rates of the agricultural sector, the contributing factors behind the fatal accidents, and the general idea in the sector behind the impact of fatal accidents and need for a occupational health and safety policy or program among the different stakeholders. Fatal accidents of the agricultural sector: Farmers are considered to be a relatively small proportion of the total labour force in many nations however, it has to be mentioned that agricultural still ranks fairly high in the list of occupational injury rates among the other occupational sectors. The health hazard of this occupational sector is not limited to the accidents or injuries only; there are other health and disease risks for the agricultural workers as well. According to Jadhav et al. (2015), the injury rates among this sector are extremely high, and the injuries due to the accidents are the most important cause behind the mortality risk among the farmers across the world as well. As mentioned by Jadhav et al. (2015), considering the global rates, it can be mentioned in this context that fatal injury rates in the agricultural sector varied from 11.5 to 30.6 per 100000 agricultural workers across different nations and similarly non fatal injury rates in the agricultural rates ranges from 3.5 to 16 injuries per 100 wor kers annually. Hence it can be mentioned that the risk for the fatal injuries are far higher in case of the agricultural injuries as well (Akdur et al., 2010). Exploring the different types of injuries that are associated with the agricultural health and safety, it can be mentioned that the most notable injuries are associated with vehicle operations and heavy machinery. According to Shulruf Balemi (2010), the most of the agricultural accidents are associated with the all terrain vehicle operations. As per the data identified in the article, the use of all terrain vehicles has been very prominent in agriculture since the last few decades. Undoubtedly, the contribution of the all terrain vehicles is extreme in case of the agricultural productivity and performance undoubtedly, however, the fact cannot be ignored that the use of these vehicles are the cause of the majority of the agricultural accidents. The article has discussed that this particular vehicle accidents are the case of a high percentage of fatality and mortality among the agricultural workers. As highlighted in the article, ever since the introduction of the all terrain vehicles in the agricultural sector is extremely high in case of the New Zealand demographics. The incidence rate of the all terrain vehicle related incidents have been very high at 8% to 19% of the total number of agricultural fatal accidents. Along with those ATV injuries, driving Quad bikes have also been discovered as one of the greatest reasons behind the fatal accident rates among the agricultural workforce as well (Leigh, Du McCurdy, 2014). Quad bikes or the all terrain vehicles have been discovered as one of the greatest contributing factors in several other research studies as well. It has to be mentioned that according to Milosavljevic et al. (2011), the quad bikes or the all terrain vehicles are the most widely used agricultural equipment used in the agricultural industry of the New Zealand as well. This particular equipment is highly advantageous for livestock farming and many other essential farming operations as well. According to Nilsson, Pinzke and Lundqvist (2010), the use of this particular equipment is in checking stock, mustering, feeding out, personal transport and for carriage and towing activities. However, as defined by Milosavljevic et al. (2011), quad bike loss of control events can be considered for the most frequent and most major cause of fatality and death in agricultural context. Comparison of the data on quad bike accidents reveal that while Australia had 51 deaths recorded within the last few c ouples of years due to quad bike loss of control, New Zealand had 45 deaths. Along with that, according to the survey reports, there had been close to 1500 new accident cases being reported in the New Zealand territory due to all terrain vehicle accidents (Milosavljevic et al., 2011). Another source of fatal accidents in the agricultural sector had been the operation of the heavy machinery. According to Kolstrup, 2012, many lower back injuries have been reported by the agricultural workforce have been due to heavy machinery lifting and livestock bearing with any personal protection. Although, as per the research, the frequency or magnitude of the fatal accidents is far more severe in case of the all terrain vehicle accidents (Canton Williams, 2012) Contributing factors behind the fatal accidents: In order to identify the occupational health and safety risks in the agricultural sector, especially for the fatal accidents, the contributing factors leading of the occurrence of the fatal accidents is required to be explored. First and foremost, it has to be mentioned here that the most of the fatal accidents that occur in the agricultural fields are contributed by the vehicles like the all terrain vehicles or quad bikes. The contributing factor behind the quad bikes accidents is many. According to Milosavljevic et al. (2011), quad bikes can be considered very inherently unstable equipment in general and the agronomical design of the equipment is the main reason behind the high rates of fatal accidents that it is associated with. As per Karttunen and Rautiainen (2013), the narrow wheel base of the vehicle and high centre of gravity makes the equipment very easy to be tipped over on steep, rough or even uneven terrains. High velocity and vibration exposure have also been discovered as the contributing factor behind the high rate of the accidents associated with the quad bike accidents. However, Robert, Elisabeth and Josef (2015), have argued that steep terrain and striking with another object has been discovered as highly relevant causes behind the high rates of all terrain vehicle accidents, however the agronomical design of the vehicle and the combination of increased speed and vibration while driving the vehicle has also been discovered as the important reasons behind the incidence rate of the injuries. One the other hand, the article by the Tangermann (2011), in their research have discovered another impactful contributing factor behind the occupational health and safety risk associated with operating this agricultural equipments. In this article lack of training of operating these vehicles has been discussed. On a more elaborative note, it has to be mentioned that al terrain vehicles are undoubtedly an innovative introduction to the agricultural fields fo r the benefit of easing the procedure of different agricultural tasks; it has to be acknowledged that operation of this complex vehicles successful and safely can be a challenge for the rural farmers. The technological challenges of the older farmers belonging to the rural areas have been acknowledged in the literature before and the technological inadequacy leads to not being able to operate the al terrain vehicles as well to some extent. According to the Hosseini et al. (2011), however, all terrain vehicle sellers issue a free of cost training for the farmers to attend to learn to operate the vehicle with safety. Although, it has to be mentioned that the likelihood of the individuals to enrol themselves into the training program is less than even 4% . It can be concluded from this context that the lack of willingness of the agricultural workforce of the concerned demographics to attend the training programs are indicating of the alarming lack of literacy and awareness regarding the occupational health and safety risk among the agricultural workforce. Awareness among the agricultural workforce: As discussed above, the agricultural workforce has a few different health risks and among them the fatal accidents are the most impactful. As per the research conducted it has been discovered that the fatal accidents in case of the New Zealand demographics, the most notable accident cause has been discovered the all terrain vehicles or the quad bikes. Now as discovered in the article by Hosseini et al. (2011), the authors had discussed that the level of awareness among the agricultural workforce regarding the occupational health safety can be associated with the alarming lack of willingness to attend the al terrain vehicle terrain. There is a significant lack of awareness and understanding among the farmers regarding the occupational health and safety. Along with that there is a significant lack of awareness and understanding regarding the occupational health and safety risks in the agriculture and the requirements of protective measures regarding the risky vehicles like the quad bik es. According to the Wood, Duijff and Christey (2013), it had to be mentioned that the highest lack of awareness of literacy regarding the occupational health and safety is most frequently observed in the older framers. Along with that, the child labour associated with the agriculture in these regions is also associated with the lack of awareness and understanding. This leads directly to the increased number of accidents and fatal injuries in the agricultural sectors, in both developing and developed nations. According to the study by Tipples et al. (2013), it can be mentioned that in the New Zealand demographics there is a highly strict and rigid stance of the farmers regarding the occupational health and safety issues and guidelines. There can be a few contributing factor behind this; first and foremost, it has to be mentioned that the farmers are disadvantaged by the socio-economic isolation and their occupational status from the rest of the mainstream society. Along with that, their remoteness from the enforcement of labour standards contributes effectively to the generation of a rather reluctantly compliant agricultural workforce in New Zealand. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that the lack of knowledge regarding the mainstream technologies and safety benefits of the OHS protocols can also be a cause to their apparent noncompliance as well. Although the data from the articles point at the attitude of the farmers and agricultural work force of New Zealand and the surrounding areas, the scenario is very similar in the rest of the globe as well (Pawlak Nowakowicz-D?bek, 2015). Overall, the extensive research discovered many key factors behind the fatal injuries in the agricultural sector. The articles selected in the literature review had been effective in discovering the key fatal accident issue in the agricultural issue, the all terrain vehicle accidents that caused a large chunk of the injuries and hospitalization episodes among the agricultural workforce of New Zealand. The articles have provided relevant information regarding the risks to occupational health and safety due to the agronomic design of the vehicle, physical factors pertaining to the terrain and the farmer, and the awareness and knowledge among the farmers. This helped us identify the challenges behind the health and safety risk behind the accidents caused by the quad bikes. However, it also has to be mentioned in this context that there are a few research gaps left behind that is needed to be addressed by further studies in this sector. First and foremost, there is lack of information av ailable on the literature previously published regarding the impact of heavy weight lifting o the physiology of the farmers and whether it enhances the risk of fatal injuries among the farmers. Along with that, the impact of age and physiology on the accident proneness has also not been discussed in the articles. Although, there is information available regarding the lack of awareness the information is limited and lacks in depth research of different confounders. Lastly, the impact of educational literacy and health literacy in general on the occupational health and safety awareness and compliance of the agricultural workforce also have not been researched in the past either. Hence, there is need for further studies focusing on the above mentioned sectors to gain a better understanding of the root cause of quad bike related fatal accidents in the farming and how it can be reduced with awareness and compliance to targeted occupational health and safety guidelines (Pollock, Fragar G riffith, 2014). Recommendations Agricultural workers are exposed to various physical hazards in the farming jobs. Agriculture sector ranks among the most threatening industries in the employment sector of New Zealand. The use of All-Terrain vehicles in the industry has been one of the major cause of the fatal accidents in the agricultural industry of New Zealand. Researchers have found that most of the employers in the agricultural sector do not have basic knowledge on how to operate all-terrain vehicles (Lilley,Lower Davie, 2017).The quad bikes are the most commonly used vehicles in the sector. These bikes are unstable, narrow wheel based and are more likely to trip over and cause accidents. Hence, it is recommended that the quad bikes are developed with safety norms since the light weight of the bikes causes the rider to fall down during the ride. Besides, the employers of the agricultural farm should be given prior training to ride these all-terrain vehicles before they use in work purpose to avoid further acci dental injuries and deaths (Hunt et al., 2014). Some of the other safety interventions that need to be considered and implemented in the agricultural sector of New Zealand are awareness programs and system, governmental interventions to make the workers aware about the importance of wellness in the workplace. Using riding equipment like helmets and proper seat belts are the main factors of the awareness program (Botha et al., 2014).Since most of the employer in the sector comes from the rural background and are illiterate; they have little or zero knowledge about the working procedure and operations of the sector. Measures should be taken to train and impart essential knowledge to them so that they can work effectively in the workplace (Olsen Hasle, 2015).The agricultural sector of New Zealand has been one of the most neglected sectors of employment till decade. Occupational safety and health hazard regulations should be implemented effectively in the sector for the wellness of the workers. The government of New Zealand should also introduce the distribution of aids for the affected personnel and his or her family in case of extreme health hazard or death (Hunt et al., 2014). Rising awareness, assessing compliance and the enforcement of minimum standards of OSH is very costly in the agriculture sector due to the economic downturn in New Zealand. The employers in the agricultural sector deserve a quality of life where they face long working hours, exposure to high risks and pressure. Hence considerable efforts should be taken and effective measures should be implemented for addressing the increased level of accidents in the agricultural sector of New Zealand. Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be mentioned that among all the other occupational health and safety risks associated with agricultural sector, Quad bikes pose the maximum risk; especially in the New Zealand demographics. 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